Propyl paraben is a widely used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals. It appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder that is practically odorless. Propyl paraben is valued for its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, thereby helping to protect formulations from microbial contamination and extend shelf life.
Chemically, propyl paraben is the propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It is often used in combination with other parabens, such as methyl paraben or ethyl paraben, to achieve broad-spectrum preservation and improved efficacy across different types of microorganisms.
Chemical Formula
Propyl Paraben
INCI Name: Propylparaben
Chemical Name: Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
CAS Number: 94-13-3
Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₂O₃
Molecular Weight: 180.20 g/mol
Chemical Class: Paraben (ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid)
Physical & Chemical Properties
- Appearance: White crystalline powder
- Odor: Odorless or faint
- Solubility:
- Slightly soluble in water
- Soluble in alcohols, glycols, and organic solvents
- Melting Point: ~96–99 °C
- Stability: Stable under normal cosmetic processing conditions
Functional Benefits
- Provides effective antimicrobial protection
- Particularly effective against fungi and molds
- Works synergistically with other preservatives
- Extends product shelf life
- Minimal impact on product color and fragrance
Typical Usage Levels
- 01 – 0.3% (depending on formulation and regional regulations)
- Often combined with other parabens for enhanced preservation
Applications
- Creams and lotions
- Shampoos and conditioners
- Body washes and cleansers
- Makeup and personal care products
- Pharmaceutical topical preparations
Safety & Regulatory Information
Propyl paraben is approved for cosmetic use in many regions, including the EU, USA, and India, within specified concentration limits. It must be declared on ingredient labels as Propylparaben. Regulatory restrictions may apply depending on product type and region, and formulators should always comply with local cosmetic regulations.
Storage & Handling
- Store in a cool, dry place
- Keep container tightly closed
- Protect from moisture and direct heat
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